Education in Theory and Perspective

What is the meaning of education?

Webster defines education as the process of educating or teaching. Educate is further defined as "to develop the knowledge, skill, or character of..." Thus, from these definitions, we might assume that the purpose of education is to develop the knowledge, skill, or character of students.

It is also defined in Oxford that education is the knowledge, abilities, and the development of character and mental powers that are resulted from intellectual, moral, and physical trainings. So, it can be said that someone who already got education will have additional knowledge, abilities and change in character and mental power.

While in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, it is stated that:
Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom. Education has as one of its fundamental aspects the imparting of culture from generation to generation (see socialization). Education means 'to draw out', facilitating realization of self-potential and latent talents of an individual. It is an application of pedagogy, a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning and draws on many disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuro-science, sociology and anthropology.

From the quotation above, it is assumed that education does not merely transfer knowledge or skill, but more specifically it trains people to have positive judgment and well-developed wisdom, better characters and mental powers. Through education, someone will be able to search through their natural talent and self-potential, empower them and finally will result in gaining their self-esteem and better life.

The history of education according to Dieter Lenzen, president of the Freie Universität Berlin 1994 "began either millions of years ago or at the end of 1770". Education as a science cannot be separated from the educational traditions that existed before. Education was the natural response of early civilizations to the struggle of surviving and thriving as a culture. Adults trained the young of their society in the knowledge and skills they would need to master and eventually pass on.

The education of an individual human begins since he was born and continues throughout his life. Even, some people believe that education begins even before birth, as evidenced by some parents' playing music or reading to the baby in the womb to hope it will influence the child's development. For some, the struggles and triumphs of daily life provide far more instruction than does formal. Family members may have a profound educational effect - often more profound than they realize - though family teaching may function very informally.

Education: the purpose, function and in practice

Theorists have made a distinction between the purpose of education and the functions of education. A purpose is the fundamental goal of the process-an end to be achieved, while Functions are other outcomes that may occur as a natural result of the process- byproducts or consequences of schooling. To elaborate these terms, it can be seen in reality that some teachers believe that the transfer of knowledge from teacher to students is the main purpose of education, while the transfer of knowledge from school to the real world or the application of what has been transferred is something that happens naturally as a consequence of possessing that knowledge; it is called a function of education.

Here are some quotations taking from The Meaning of Education:
"The only purpose of education is to teach a student how to live his life-by developing his mind and equipping him to deal with reality. The training he needs is theoretical, i.e., conceptual. He has to be taught to think, to understand, to integrate, to prove. He has to be taught the essentials of the knowledge discovered in the past-and he has to be equipped to acquire further knowledge by his own effort" ~Ayn Rand

"The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think-rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with the thoughts of other men." ~Bill Beattie

From the above information it can be said that the purpose of education is to prepare the students to be able to face their life by facilitating them to develop their mind and equip them with "hard skill" and "soft skill" to deal with reality. As the result of this education, they themselves will be able to think, to understand, to integrate and to prove their ability.

Talking about the purpose of education, there are some overviews about it. There are different outlooks between autocratic and democratic regarding education. It is quite clear that each type of world outlook demands its consistent type of education. The autocratic wants the education in the purpose of making docile followers. So, that is why they prefer a type of education whose purpose is to build docility and obedience. In the other hand, Democracy is different from them. Democracy wishes all people to be able and willing to judge wisely for themselves. The democratic will seek a type of education whose purpose is to build responsible, thinking, public-spirited citizenship in all people.

This is also different for the authoritarian society. For them, it is just enough for the leaders to know what they want without thinking about what their people want. It is quite in contrary to what a democratic society wants. For the democracy society, the leaders and the most important - the large majority of the people must see clearly the aims/purpose of the type of education they have. In other words, in a democracy it is essential that the leaders and people have clear philosophy of life and a clear philosophy of education.

Graduate Education Degree Concentrations

  

As educational careers and instructional certifications become more specialized, education graduate programs are reflecting this by encouraging students to declare a concentration within their education degree program. A concentration makes educators more attractive, often broadening their career prospects and better preparing them to meet the challenges of being an education professional.

While it's typical for a student to declare a minor in a different field altogether-say, an international trade law major might choose a minor such as Chinese language if he or she intends to work within the Asian marketplace-a concentration is often closely linked with the major, more tailored to a specific job description. Someone looking to establish a career related to electronic teaching methods and new media in education, for instance, might pursue a masters degree in education with a concentration in distance learning, or instructional technology.

Credit hour requirements for concentrations vary greatly; programs typically require anywhere between 12 credit hours and 36 credit hours to complete degree requirements for a concentration within the primary degree program. This varies from one institution to the next, and of course, is dependent on the nature of the concentration itself.

Let's take a look at a few education degree programs and concentrations to see what's out there, and to help you better understand how selecting an education concentration might best serve your goals.

Educational Technology

Instructional or educational technology is a growing field that emphasizes the use of technology in education, both in the classroom and as a platform for distance learning programs. It encourages the design and implementation of a wide variety of tools to facilitate and advance students' potential for learning. With modern curricula being built around the use of digital technology and new media, a master's degree in education with a concentration in educational technology provides teachers with a valuable technological skill set and a solid working knowledge of e-learning methods. Those who understand and embrace these emerging learning methods are in high demand these days, whether it be in education or in private and corporate settings. Check out the International Society for Technology in Education's Educator's Resource page to learn more about this exciting, ever-changing field.

Curriculum and Instruction Strategies

A masters degree in education with a concentration in curriculum and instruction strategies can help teachers improve and strengthen their classroom practices. Exploring such areas as student literacy, inclusion and educational leadership, this concentration helps prepare instructors to better implement practical solutions to problems encountered both inside and out of the classroom. There are plenty of related concentrations in education that are associated with curriculum and classroom methodologies that can also benefit administrators, curriculum developers and department heads, among others. In addition, various teacher certifications are contingent upon completing concentrations like curriculum and instruction strategies.

Inclusion

As a practical theory, inclusion is another name for (or synonymous with) what may have been formerly known as "special education". New educational models emphasize the inclusion of special needs children in the traditional classroom-built around the premise that children who learn together, learn to live together. A concentration in inclusion is designed to provide K-12 classroom teachers and administrators with critical theory and practical knowledge related to special education inclusion-offering educators the opportunity to study and improve upon professional practices, and in some cases, receive special education teacher certification as well.

Language and Literacy

Concentrations emphasizing reading, writing and literacy allow students to focus their attention on the study of how people develop, communicate and process written and spoken languages. This field explores complex relationships between these developmental processes, and how they reflect and relate to institutions, communities and cultures. Naturally, this field appeals to teachers of language and writing, but also has crossover value to those involved in studying new communication methods, particularly as they relate to technological advancement and ever-changing modes of communication. A concentration in language and literacy can prepare students for a broad array of career options, and also puts the graduate student in touch with the most fundamental elements of education: language and communication. The International Reading Association offers an excellent online resource, full of journals, publications and helpful Web tools for literacy and language professionals worldwide.

Hopefully this article has generated some ideas and gotten you thinking about how you can augment your education graduate program with a concentration-maybe you had already considered exploring one of the concentrations listed above. Again, it's important to remember that specialization is the name of the game now, and while you're beginning to pursue a graduate degree in education, give some serious consideration to setting yourself up with a concentration of study; you'll be that much more successful and fulfilled as an educator in the long run.

http://www.gradschools.com

Improve Technology ROI: Focus on People

  

Buzzwords are great. They give us an excuse to nod our heads, act like we are paying attention, and then completely ignore issues without giving them a second thought. As long as we use buzzwords we appear (if only to ourselves) to know what's going on and we are on top of the challenge at hand. Perhaps the greatest part of working in technology is that we are never at a loss for buzzwords, or for meetings in which to use them.

Three of the greatest buzzwords in the tech arena are "People, Process, and Technology". Throw in a few other favorites, such as "alignment," "change," "culture," and... well, you get the idea. While these words are more ubiquitous in a technology discussion than fish are in the sea, they are often overlooked, misunderstood, and generally ignored. This is dangerous.

Looking over the landscape of a typical IT implementation we notice that the majority of activities are focused on process and technology. We spend tremendous amounts of time and effort defining business processes and specifying functional system requirements. We focus a large amount of time building and testing the technology. Consequently most of the people involved in IT projects are specialists in strategy, process, and technology.

So what is missing? Look closely. Did you notice the vast majority of our activities, and the majority of our team's skills, are focused on aligning process and technology? What happened to our first buzzword, "People"? Do we just nod our heads and forget to consider our people - how we can move them (that is, align them) with the process and technology? What does it mean to align people with process and technology?

Aligning People

For some, aligning people means providing training so employees know how to use the system. Others say you need to include communications to align their people. Some advanced organizations even extend their efforts to include mapping out changes to job descriptions and responsibilities.

While these are all important activities to help achieve alignment of people, process and technology, they don't actually help us understand what alignment is. And if you don't know what it is, how do you know when you have achieved it?

Alignment only occurs when your people, process and technology all perform together in a symbiotic relationship that delivers the desired results. The people use the technology. The people follow the process. They key here is that the people must actually use the technology and the people must actually follow the process. This requires people, ALL of the people, change their behavior to achieve the desired results.

Focus on Behavior Change to Improve ROI

"Did he just say our technology project needs to focus on changing people's behavior? I thought we were implementing technology, not disciplining children or providing group therapy. What is all this behavior talk anyway?"

Consider the relationship between user behavior and return on investment (ROI). When do we actually realize ROI from our technology projects? Is it when the technology is delivered? Sadly, no. We only realize our ROI when the people actually use the technology. If a system is delivered, but not used, it does not return any value to the organization. So, while successfully deploying the technology is on the critical path (pardon the gratuitous use of the buzzword) to achieving ROI, the critical path is only completed when the system is used effectively by our people.

Sounds pretty straightforward, right? Wrong. This simple idea has tremendous implications that require advanced thought. It means we need to rethink how we structure technology projects, who we involve in the process, and how we define success. Looking back over the landscape of a typical IT implementation we notice activities focusing on behavior change are conspicuously missing. Worse still, people with skills and expertise in behavior change are typically not even part of the implementation team. This is the problem.

Example: User Behaviors' Impact on ROI and on the Customer Experience

I worked with a client who did very little to drive desired behavior when implementing a new CRM system. As expected, they had numerous behavior problems that reduced their ROI and degraded the customer experience. Sales reps did not see "what's in it for me", so they would often not use the system at all or they would only enter partial, inaccurate customer data. Customer service reps would not reliably create problem tickets, nor would they regularly update their progress on resolving customer issues. Managers would not use the system to track progress or to analyze department performance.

The impact to the organization and to the customers experience was severe. The organization wasted vast amounts of time and effort performing unnecessary tasks, such as tracking down information that was not entered by one individual but was required by others to perform their jobs. The lack of complete and accurate data made it impossible for management to utilize the system reports to make reliable, informed decisions. Executives and sales reps were unable to review vital customer activity data to prepare for additional sales meetings. The customers experience was degraded by delays resulting from having to repeat conversations that were not properly logged in the system.

It was only after the client had experienced these problems for quite some time that management decided to address user behavior. After users changed and demonstrated desired behavior, the system delivered significant value and the customer experienced improved. Had management proactively focused on driving desired behavior earlier they would have avoided the period of poor performance and significantly increased their overall ROI from the start.

Defining Project "Success"

How is "success" typically defined for a technology project? Projects are often judged successful if they are delivered on time and on budget. While delivering on time and on budget are indeed causes for celebration, do they fully define success? How often do we actually go back and measure our results, our realized ROI, against the forecasted return defined in the business case that justified the project? If we deliver on time but never achieve the forecasted ROI are we really successful?

This reveals several important questions. Who actually owns ROI? Who is responsible for ensuring we actually change user behavior and realize our anticipated ROI? What are the consequences for not achieving forecasted ROI? We need to stop defining success at the midpoint of the critical path (delivering technology) and shift our focus to the end of the critical path, achieving effective system use that delivers ROI.

How do we Change User Behavior?

So, how do we do we change user behavior?

First, we realize people are unpredictable. Unlike process flows or lines of code (which are linear, logical and controllable), people are wildcards. They do not always act rationally or predictably. They can be influenced and encouraged, but they cannot be controlled. Is it any wonder that even though we define a very clear logical process and system that it is not always used as intended? So, how do we compensate for the unpredictable and uncontrollable? Who can help us do this?

To address these challenges, we need to learn more about people and how to influence their behavior. Expanding our knowledge of individuals to include an understanding of personality types, communication processes, conflict styles, individual motivation and learning styles gives us many tools for improving our ability to change behavior.

Of course, we do not work in isolation. We work in small and large groups, which have their own unique characteristics and processes. People behave differently in groups than they do alone. We need to understand more about interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, and creating and managing high performing groups. We need to understand how trust, honesty and ethics impact group behavior and how we can use this knowledge to create an environment that drives desired behavior.

Moreover, individuals and groups do not operate in a vacuum; they operate in the context of a larger organizational system. We need to understand the impact organizational forces have on individual and group behavior, and then align these forces to drive desired behavior. Can we realistically expect people to behave in one way (like, use our system as designed) if there are major organizational forces that drive them to behave in another way?

Who Can Help?

This may all sound exhausting and impossible but there are people who can help: Human Resource (HR) and Organization Development (OD) professionals.

These two groups have complimentary skill sets that are perfect for helping us align organizational forces and drive desired user behavior. HR professionals have the skills necessary to put together appropriate performance evaluation, feedback and development plans. OD professionals are trained in conducting holistic organizational analysis and in designing appropriate interventions to facilitate the desired change.

Do we really need OD and HR people? Can't we use our current project team? No! IT people do not have the required skills - their expertise lies in technology. Strategy people typically are not qualified either. The knowledge and skills they possess to develop business cases, process flows, and ROI forecasts are very different from that required to change user behavior.

To align "people" with process and technology we actually need to rely on professionals with expertise in "people" issues - HR and OD experts. But how do they fit within the development lifecycle and when do we include them in the development process?

A Better Approach to IT Projects

We often assume that if we teach people what to do then they will act as instructed. But, what if the problem is not just that they don't know how to use the system? What if they can't or won't use the system for other reasons?

Imagine you are sick and you go to the doctor. He doesn't just say hello, shake your hand and then give you an operation. Instead the doctor asks you some questions, runs some test, gets x-rays and inspects your body. Only after he has gathered data and made an informed diagnosis does he develop treatment plans. A (somewhat) similar approach is appropriate for IT implementations.

Current efforts to promote user adoption that only include delivering training and communication are akin to the doctor skipping the data gathering and just reaching for the scalpel when you walk in the door. Wouldn't it be better if we gather some data, diagnose what drives user behavior in our organization and then put together an appropriate treatment plan? That is exactly what we should do.

We begin by gathering data from multiple sources, at multiple levels in the organization, in order to triangulate and identify the major forces driving user behavior. Once this is done and our diagnosis complete, we put together a treatment plan, that is, determine appropriate actions (called OD "interventions") to promote user adoption. Interventions may be conducted at multiple points in time: project start-up, during development, at go-live and at multiple intervals following system deployment.

Example: Structuring a Project to Drive User Behavior

So, how will this work? At the start of the project an OD consultant leads the project team (IT and business SMEs) in group development work and helps them mature into a highly productive work team. The consultant also helps IT and business agree on a definition of project success and a plan for sharing responsibility for measuring and achieving ROI at various points after go-live.

The consultant then gathers data to identify the organizational factors that drive user adoption. He conducts interviews across all levels of the organization, conducts focus groups with representatives from several user departments, surveys employees, and reviews various documents such as strategic plans and job descriptions. The consultant then facilitates leaders and business representatives in reviewing the data, diagnosing the situation, and developing an intervention strategy. Finally, interventions are held prior to go live (to prepare users for the change), during the first few weeks of the deployment (to assist users during the change) and at multiple scheduled review points (to help users continue to grow by identifying lessons learned and by sharing best practices across the organization).

Including HR and OD professionals in IT projects is critical for aligning people, process and technology. Conducting an organizational analysis, and more importantly, involving people in the process, helps drive desired behavior. It allows us to make sure we are investing our efforts in conducting appropriate interventions and in addressing the "right" issues. The time and effort required to drive desired user behavior delivers significant value through improved system use, faster realization of ROI and an improved customer experience.

Final Thoughts

The next time you are planning an IT project, ask yourself if you are doing enough to address the "people" issues. Are you focusing on promoting user adoption and achieving ROI or are you just focusing on delivering the technology? How much would you increase ROI if you improved user adoption of the system? Do you have skilled HR and OD people helping you drive success? Do you have the right skills and understanding of individual behavior and group development processes to effectively address the "people" issues?

Is there anything you COULD and SHOULD be doing to align people, process and technology?

Jason C. Whitehead is founder and President of TriTuns Innovation, LLC. He has over ten years experience implementing effective technology solutions and helping organizations address the critical organizational issues that drive effective system use. He holds a Master of Science in Analysis Design & Management of Information Systems from the London School of Economics, a Master of Science in Organization Development & Strategic Human Resources from Johns Hopkins University and a Bachelor of Business Administration in Finance from George Washington University. He can be reached at jwhitehead@tritunsinnovation.com.

What is Bluetooth Technology?

Bluetooth technology is a type of the wireless technology that eliminates the need for the number of inconvenient cables and devices that are used to connect the computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, handheld devices and new digital appliances. Bluetooth enables the users to connect to a wide variety of telecommunication and computing devices easily, without cables.

It makes rapid ad hoc connections, automatic unconscious connections between two or more digital devices. Bluetooth provides the opportunity of using the mobile data in different applications. Bluetooth makes wireless communication between the two devices in a localized area of a room of office or home very easily. Bluetooth technology uses radio-based links and all the connections between the devices and invisible and instantaneous.

By Bluetooth technology your laptop can send print request to a printer in your next room. Bluetooth is actually a standard for wireless communication between the devices in a relatively small area and it is therefore works fine in the personal area network (pan) using radio frequency.

Any two devices that follow the Bluetooth standard can communicate with each other. A number of the Bluetooth devices like digital camera, mobile phone and handheld pc can form a network. You can send emails to your mobile phones from your laptop without any physical connect between your laptop and your mobile phones.

Features of Bluetooth technology

o Bluetooth technology uses radio waves for communication in 2.4 GHz

o It supports multi point communication not just point to point.

o Bluetooth works in a small area of 10-15 meters.

o Bluetooth offers speed of 1-2 mbps.

o Bluetooth chipsets are less expensive though more expensive than IrDA.

How Bluetooth technology works

Bluetooth is a high speed wireless link technology that uses the radio waves. It is designed to connect the mobile phones, laptops, hand held devices and portable equipments with almost no work by the end users. Unlike infrared Bluetooth does not require line of sight between the connecting units. Bluetooth technology is a modified form of the current wireless LAN technology and it's more acceptable for its relative small size and low cost.

The current circuits are contained on a circuit board of 0.9 cm square and a much smaller single chip version is in development and soon it will be in use. The cost of the Bluetooth device is expected to fall rapidly. Bluetooth chip has to be equipped in many devices. In Bluetooth technology, small and inexpensive transceivers have been placed in the digital devices. The radio waves operate at 2.45 GHZ band on the Bluetooth devices. Bluetooth supports the data speed up to 721 Kbps and 3 voice channels. The Bluetooth chip can either be built into the devices or it can be uses as an adapter. In computer it can be used with the USB port. Each Bluetooth device has a 48 bit address from the IEEE 802 standards and the Bluetooth connections can be either point to point or multi point. Bluetooth range is 10 meter but it can be extended up to 100 meters by increasing the power.

Bluetooth devices are protected from the external interference because they change their frequency up to 1600 times in a second. Bluetooth radio technology provides the bridge between the existing data network. Bluetooth guarantees security at the bit level and the authentication is controlled by the end user by using 128 bit key. An important face of the Bluetooth technology is that it instantly forms a network when two or more devices come closer in the range of each other.

Bluetooth technology benefits

Bluetooth technology is a convenient choice of communication in a wire free, short range environment. Bluetooth is a globally available standard for connecting the devices like mobile phones, digital cameras, laptops, mp3 players, cars, stereo headsets etc. Bluetooth enable devices do not need to install any drivers. The key benefits of the Bluetooth wireless technology are its built-in-security, low cost, easy of use, robustness, and ad hoc networking capabilities.

The Bluetooth wireless technology is available globally. Many manufactures from the different companies are busy to implement the technology in their products. Bluetooth technology operates in the 2.4 GHZ, one of the unlicensed, industrial and scientific radio bands. Bluetooth technology is a free of charge service but your mobile phones set should support the GSM and CDMA technology.

Today mobile phones have built in capabilities and Bluetooth functionalities in them. Bluetooth technology is available in the different range of the devices like mobile phones, automobiles, medical devices, industries and enterprises etc. Due to the key features of the Bluetooth technology like low power consumption, low cost and wireless features make it more popular. Bluetooth technology does not require any fixed infrastructure and it is very simple to install and setup.

No wires are required to connect the Bluetooth devices. You can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices anytime if they come in your range. Bluetooth wireless technology is widely supported and is secure wireless standard today. Bluetooth devices has built-in security features such as 128 bit encryption and pin code authentication when Bluetooth devices identify themselves they use the pin code when they first time connect.

Bushra Bashir [http://www.networktutorials.info]

Things That Go Boom - Kids Science Kits Make Learning Fun

Every kid should understand how the human body works. They should have an appreciation of biology and the laws of nature. They should understand the properties of various elements and chemicals and the simple laws of physics. Of course, kids learn this in school, but in order to keep their interest in science going, you might want to consider buying them additional science kits or a scientist set. These kits truly make learning fun. A good science kit will provide your child with plenty of hands on activities and experiments that will make science seem like a cool adventure rather than a boring school subject.

Science should even be cool for girls. A lot of girls shy away from science without realizing that chemistry and technology is the basis for many of the products they use on a daily basis - like lip gloss, cosmetics, cell phones and texting. A good science kit can help girls (and boys) realize that a lot of the day to day products they take for granted were created by scientists.

If you're looking to get your daughter interested in science, consider some of the science in box products by the Scientific Explorer. These kits are developed in cooperation with notable universities and scientists around the country and provide clear and easy instructions on how to use them - plus an explanation of the science behind them.

Best of all, the manufacturer has several great kits which are geared towards girls. If you have a daughter who longs for a spa day, then get her the Spa Science Kit - she'll get to make her own spa treatments by mixing (safe) chemical and ingredients. There are even bottles and labels so she can make her own products to give (or sell) to friends and family. The Spa Science Kit is super hands on and super fun and will make your daughter think in a whole different way about what is in her bottle of shampoo.

Of course, just because she's a girl, doesn't mean your daughter would only be interested in spa science - and that's what's great about the variety of science kits for kids that are on the market today. Your child might be interested in disgusting science - like the Disgusting Anatomy Brain or Disgusting Anatomy Heart kit, also from Scientific Explorer. Or perhaps your kids are interested in things that go boom and might want to check out a rocket building kit.

If your child is computer savvy or a tinkerer there are other great kits - like electricity kits and robot building kits that combine building and computer skills. These kits are a lot of fun and their hands-on nature allows kids to figure out things and build something they can keep.

Of course if your kids are into nature, there are many science kits that will help stoke their excitement with the natural world, from rock and gem stone kits, to ant farms, to butterfly habitats.

The world really is the limit with all of the high quality science kits that are out on the market today. By incorporating fun science projects into your kids life you will spark intellectual curiosity and continual thirst for knowledge - as well as reinforce basic and advance science principles.

You can find kids science kits online through a basic internet search. Be sure to read consumer reviews of the products before buying to make sure that the science kit is age appropriate and correctly geared towards your child's interests.

Andrea Stein is the founder of GirlMogulMagazine.com an online community for encouraging successful girls. Go to GirlMogulMom for your great reviews of Kids Science Kits and see our offer for a book for tweens.

Social Sciences Offering Interesting Study Programs and Career Opportunities

Social sciences include disciplines that are not part of natural sciences. Political science, sociology, journalism, anthropology, linguistic, history, behavioral science, and women's studies are some of the study programs offered by a social science department in any university or college. These study programs are quite popular, because they offer great career opportunities.

In ancient times, mathematics, history, and literature were all considered the same. However, with the passage of time, social science became a distinct field of study. Today these subjects have their own theories, methodologies, and study principles. These sciences are quite different from natural sciences, such as mathematics, in the way they are taught and in their area of focus.

Study Of Society

Social sciences explore the human society from various angles. For example, political science explores the development and functions of government. One of the ways it explores the development of government is by studying the behavior of various rulers throughout the history.

Sociology, on the other hand, studies human behavior and pattern of human interaction within the society. In sociology, students study how human behavior is influenced and governed by factors like, religion, society, and laws.

Therefore, those who are interested in studying society, government, or human behavior should take up one of the social sciences as a major subject. If you are not quite sure whether to choose political science or sociology, you can always talk to a counselor who will be able to guide you properly.

Career Options For Political Science Graduates

These study fields are quite popular, interesting, and offer great career opportunities. For example, political science graduates can become future politicians or civil servants. However, these are not the only two options available to them.

They can also pursue a teaching career. With a graduate degree, one can become a high school teacher. Those who are interested in becoming a professor in political science at a college or university will need to first get a masters and PhD degree in that subject.

A degree in political science, which is one of the favorite subjects among social sciences, also opens door to becoming a legislative aid, campaign manager, district attorney, or judge.

A degree in sociology also opens many doors to graduates. Business, counseling, journalism, politics, correction facilities, and administration are just the areas that a sociology graduate can pursue as a career.

It is very clear that all the study fields in social science are rewarding in terms of learning experience and career options. Moreover, social science study programs are offered in almost every college or university. Besides opting for degree programs in social sciences, students can also opt for diploma or certificate programs. Whatever study program you choose, make sure that it matches your study interests and career dreams.

The Cost Factor

Though there are plenty of social science study programs to choose from, yet many students cannot pursue them due to cost factor. It is no secret that in recent years, tuition fees have increased dramatically and this has put many colleges out of reach of many students.

However, you should not give up your dreams simply because of the cost. You can apply for scholarships or financial aid to pay for your tuition cost. As far as saving on college textbooks is concerned you can buy secondhand books. Better yet, you can shop online for your college textbooks. Online stores offer cheap college textbooks and can help you save hundreds of dollars every semester.

With proper planning and budgeting, you will be able to pursue your studies in social sciences and enjoy a great career in the future.

Social Sciences explore the human society from various angles. For example, political science explores the development and functions of government.

Zero Point Technology and Physics Applied

What is the nature of life? This is a long-pondered question and the debate rages on between promoters of a particulate or an energy-filled universe. What do you think? Does it matter?

In reality it does matter. Because if we understand that we live in an energetic universe, we can avail ourselves of foods and technology used to create an optimal environment so that destructive things you may encounter in your every day physical
reality can be rendered harmless to your energetic electrical body.

What in the world did we just say? Translation:

Our environment is such that we perceive everything as being physical. Though in actuality, everything is affected by the non-physical, because, in fact, that is all there is. We, therefore, have to decide how to enhance the quality of our lives in this third dimensional world using all the tools that are available.

This must begin with an accurate understanding of this energetic place we call reality (or life). When you come to that understanding you then use various types of non-physical tools that can create healthier and safer environments and foods.

Man-Made Energy Fields

We are constantly stressed by conditions that are man made. For example, ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) is a carrier frequency used for military communications, which transmit information on long sine waves.

Sine waves can penetrate right through your physical body. And, because your physical body isn't really physical, it is assaulted severely by these conflicting energy fields. The stress the sine waves produce, weakens immune function.

Then, there's EMF (Electro Magnetic Fields) that are generated by anything electrical that is plugged into the wall. It is also found in high-tension wires near and over your house, frequencies coming off of satellites, radio emissions or television
stations.

These frequencies can destroy and stress your energetic body as well. Then, there are microwave and cell towers on top of almost every hill in almost every community. These towers are broadcasting data via microwaves, which also travel into your body, creating significant discord. These waves create chaos in your energy field, which translates to all manner of discomfort, discontent and disease. Just because you look into the mirror and do not see the effects immediately, an effect is occurring.

Zero Point Energy Field

When the body becomes overwhelmed, and your system begins to fail, your immune function ceases to perform. It is now compromised, leaving you wide open to adverse effects such as bacterial fungus, viral infection or even worse, degenerative
conditions like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and so on.

This negativity comes from a lot of different sources, but not just the invisible ones like electro-magnetic fields. Some things that impair you in an adverse way are very visible, things such as a fast food, french fries and a soft drink. When you ingest greasy, lifeless fast- foods, your system is thrown into the same kind of energetic disarray.